Architecture of Internet of Things (IoT) by geeks of geeks

 technology has a wide variety of applications and the use of the Internet of Things is growing so faster. Depending upon different application areas of the Internet of Things, it works accordingly as it has been designed/developed. But it has not a standard defined architecture of working which is strictly followed universally. The architecture of IoT depends upon its functionality and implementation in different sectors. Still, there is a basic process flow based on which IoT is built.

So. here in this article we will discuss the basic fundamental architecture of IoT i.e., 4 Stage IoT architecture.



So, from the above image, it is clear that there are 4 layers are present that can be divided as follows: Sensing Layer, Network Layer, Data processing Layer, and Application Layer.
These are explained as following below.

  1. Sensing Layer –
    Sensors, actuators, devices are present in this Sensing layer. These Sensors or Actuators accept data(physical/environmental parameters), process data, and emit data over the network.
  2. Network Layer –
    Internet/Network gateways, Data Acquisition System (DAS) are present in this layer. DAS performs data aggregation and conversion function (Collecting data and aggregating data then converting analog data of sensors to digital data etc). Advanced gateways which mainly open up a connection between Sensor networks and the Internet also perform many basic gateway functionalities like malware protection, and filtering also sometimes decision-making based on inputted data and data management services, etc.
  3. Data processing Layer –
    This is the processing unit of the IoT ecosystem. Here data is analyzed and pre-processed before sending it to the data center from where data is accessed by software applications often termed as business applications where data is monitored and managed and further actions are also prepared. So here Edge IT or edge analytics comes into the picture.
  4. Application Layer –
    This is the last layer of the 4 stages of IoT architecture. Data centers or cloud is the management stage of data where data is managed and is used by end-user applications like agriculture, health care, aerospace, farming, defense, etc.


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